TypeScript Generics and Advanced Types

# TypeScript Generics and Advanced Types

## Generic Functions
- Use generics for reusable type-safe functions
- Constraint generics with extends
- Use multiple generic parameters
- Implement default generic types

## Utility Types
- Use Partial, Required, Pick, Omit
- Implement Record for object types
- Use ReturnType and Parameters
- Create custom utility types

## Advanced Patterns
- Conditional types with infer
- Template literal types
- Mapped types for transformations
- Recursive types for tree structures

## Type Guards
- Implement custom type guards
- Use discriminated unions
- Leverage the 'in' operator
- Use assertion functions