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Next.js 15 Полное Руководство по Разработке

Next.js 15 Полное Руководство по Разработке

Освойте Next.js 15 с App Router, Server Components и Server Actions. Изучите лучшие практики современной веб-разработки с React и TypeScript.

nextjsreacttypescriptрусскийrussianвеб-разработкасерверные-компоненты
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# Next.js 15 Полное Руководство по Разработке

Создавайте современные высокопроизводительные веб-приложения с Next.js 15, используя новейшие возможности: App Router, Server Components и Server Actions.

## Настройка Проекта

### Создание Нового Проекта

```bash
npx create-next-app@latest my-project --typescript --tailwind --app
cd my-project
npm run dev
```

### Рекомендуемая Структура Каталогов

```
my-project/
├── src/
│   ├── app/                    # App Router (маршруты и страницы)
│   │   ├── layout.tsx          # Главный макет
│   │   ├── page.tsx            # Главная страница
│   │   ├── loading.tsx         # Состояние загрузки
│   │   └── error.tsx           # Обработка ошибок
│   ├── components/             # Переиспользуемые компоненты
│   │   ├── ui/                 # UI компоненты
│   │   └── forms/              # Компоненты форм
│   ├── lib/                    # Утилиты и конфигурации
│   └── types/                  # Определения TypeScript
└── next.config.ts              # Конфигурация Next.js
```

## Серверные Компоненты

Серверные компоненты полностью рендерятся на сервере и уменьшают количество JavaScript, отправляемого клиенту.

### Пример Серверного Компонента

```typescript
// app/products/page.tsx
import { getProducts } from "@/lib/api";

// Этот компонент полностью рендерится на сервере
export default async function ProductsPage() {
  // Получаем данные напрямую без useEffect
  const products = await getProducts();

  return (
    <main className="container mx-auto py-8">
      <h1 className="text-3xl font-bold mb-6">Наши Товары</h1>
      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
        {products.map((product) => (
          <article key={product.id} className="border rounded-lg p-4">
            <h2 className="text-xl font-semibold">{product.name}</h2>
            <p className="text-gray-600">{product.description}</p>
            <span className="text-lg font-bold text-blue-600">
              {product.price} ₽
            </span>
          </article>
        ))}
      </div>
    </main>
  );
}
```

## Серверные Действия (Server Actions)

```typescript
// app/actions/contact.ts
"use server";

import { z } from "zod";
import { revalidatePath } from "next/cache";

const contactSchema = z.object({
  name: z.string().min(2, "Имя должно содержать минимум 2 символа"),
  email: z.string().email("Неверный адрес электронной почты"),
  message: z.string().min(10, "Сообщение должно содержать минимум 10 символов"),
});

export async function submitContact(formData: FormData) {
  const data = {
    name: formData.get("name") as string,
    email: formData.get("email") as string,
    message: formData.get("message") as string,
  };

  const result = contactSchema.safeParse(data);

  if (!result.success) {
    return {
      success: false,
      errors: result.error.flatten().fieldErrors,
    };
  }

  await saveMessage(result.data);
  revalidatePath("/contact");
  
  return { success: true, message: "Сообщение успешно отправлено" };
}
```

### Форма с Server Action

```typescript
// components/ContactForm.tsx
"use client";

import { useFormState, useFormStatus } from "react-dom";
import { submitContact } from "@/app/actions/contact";

function SubmitButton() {
  const { pending } = useFormStatus();
  return (
    <button
      type="submit"
      disabled={pending}
      className="bg-blue-600 text-white px-6 py-2 rounded-lg disabled:opacity-50"
    >
      {pending ? "Отправка..." : "Отправить сообщение"}
    </button>
  );
}

export function ContactForm() {
  const [state, action] = useFormState(submitContact, null);

  return (
    <form action={action} className="space-y-4 max-w-md">
      <div>
        <label htmlFor="name" className="block text-sm font-medium">
          Имя
        </label>
        <input
          type="text"
          id="name"
          name="name"
          required
          className="mt-1 block w-full rounded-md border px-3 py-2"
        />
        {state?.errors?.name && (
          <p className="text-red-500 text-sm">{state.errors.name}</p>
        )}
      </div>

      <div>
        <label htmlFor="email" className="block text-sm font-medium">
          Электронная почта
        </label>
        <input
          type="email"
          id="email"
          name="email"
          required
          className="mt-1 block w-full rounded-md border px-3 py-2"
        />
      </div>

      <div>
        <label htmlFor="message" className="block text-sm font-medium">
          Ваше сообщение
        </label>
        <textarea
          id="message"
          name="message"
          rows={4}
          required
          className="mt-1 block w-full rounded-md border px-3 py-2"
        />
      </div>

      <SubmitButton />

      {state?.success && (
        <p className="text-green-600">{state.message}</p>
      )}
    </form>
  );
}
```

Это руководство поможет русскоязычным разработчикам освоить Next.js 15.

When to Use This Prompt

This nextjs prompt is ideal for developers working on:

  • nextjs applications requiring modern best practices and optimal performance
  • Projects that need production-ready nextjs code with proper error handling
  • Teams looking to standardize their nextjs development workflow
  • Developers wanting to learn industry-standard nextjs patterns and techniques

By using this prompt, you can save hours of manual coding and ensure best practices are followed from the start. It's particularly valuable for teams looking to maintain consistency across their nextjs implementations.

How to Use

  1. Copy the prompt - Click the copy button above to copy the entire prompt to your clipboard
  2. Paste into your AI assistant - Use with Claude, ChatGPT, Cursor, or any AI coding tool
  3. Customize as needed - Adjust the prompt based on your specific requirements
  4. Review the output - Always review generated code for security and correctness
💡 Pro Tip: For best results, provide context about your project structure and any specific constraints or preferences you have.

Best Practices

  • ✓ Always review generated code for security vulnerabilities before deploying
  • ✓ Test the nextjs code in a development environment first
  • ✓ Customize the prompt output to match your project's coding standards
  • ✓ Keep your AI assistant's context window in mind for complex requirements
  • ✓ Version control your prompts alongside your code for reproducibility

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use this nextjs prompt commercially?

Yes! All prompts on Antigravity AI Directory are free to use for both personal and commercial projects. No attribution required, though it's always appreciated.

Which AI assistants work best with this prompt?

This prompt works excellently with Claude, ChatGPT, Cursor, GitHub Copilot, and other modern AI coding assistants. For best results, use models with large context windows.

How do I customize this prompt for my specific needs?

You can modify the prompt by adding specific requirements, constraints, or preferences. For nextjs projects, consider mentioning your framework version, coding style, and any specific libraries you're using.

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